We had the ORA-03137 error with database 11.2.0.3.0 using OCI client 11.1.0.6.0 (Instant Client). But no error with same client against another 11.2.0.1.0 database. Upgrading the client to 11.2.0.4.0 removed the problem.
See
document 752297.1 and
note 8625762.8. Oracle error reported to be caused by "SQL which uses user binds due to bind data being left unread on the Net connection"